Public Law Restrictions in the Context of 3D Land Administration—Review on Legal and Technical Approaches

Intense exploitation of land implies the development multi-level, multi-purpose, overlapping and interlocking structures on 3D space, thus resulting in complex, stratified, real property rights between individual owners, as well restrictions. Legislation regulates ownership status use by imposing restrictions known Public Law Restrictions (PLRs). PLRs extend to various fields legislative frameworks, such protection archaeological sites, maintenance underground infrastructures utilities, environmental protection, flying unmanned air vehicles, etc. are usually investigated context Land Administration Systems worldwide, do not often gain specific attention. However, it is noticed that arise from need be classified, so they can better utilised ownership. This review paper investigates legal statutes within administration stipulations used provide unambiguous modelling PLRs, provided relative literature. Moreover, applied clearly depict rights, responsibilities relevant spatial unit (land, air, marine parcel, mine, utility network, etc.), particularly examined. Therefore, this work critically assess aforementioned approaches PLRs’ registration, organisation, a literature survey, provides an overall view requirements challenges also considering standardisation developments.